带混合时间窗的多目标危险化学品运输路径优化

为降低危险化学品运输风险,使路径选择更加科学、切合实际,从责任主体、社会影响等方面综合考虑危险化学品运输相关主体,根据各主体目标对影响运输路径选择的指标进行重新识别和细分,提出5大指标体系。应用熵权法计算出各指标权重,建立混合时间窗条件下的多目标危化品运输路径优化模型,通过改进的多目标遗传算法求出Pareto最优解。结果表明,不同时间点出发会产生不同的Pareto最优解,并且可得到每条最优路径的出发时间窗,每个最优解代表了某项指标达到相对最优时的路径。混合时间窗较符合实际情况,基于出发时间窗及生成的多条最优路径,决策者可根据决策偏好及关注重点以较高效率选出最合适的路径。     

Research on Public Participation and Information Publicity in Strategic Environmental Assessment

Abstract

It has been generally recognized that strategic environmental assessment integrates environment and development into decision-making and becomes an important decision-making tool for implementing sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the relationships of SEA, public participation(PP)and information publicity(IP), then discusses the key parts in enforcing the effective process of PP: They are the methods for how to make sufficient information open (What), when to implement PP (When), who will determinate the public (Who), and how to make the models of PP (How). Six cases are compared and analyzed. At last, ways to improve the effectiveness of PP in China is also presented.     

Confusing messages of sustainability indicators

This study examines sustainability indicators using the sustainability report of the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry as the case study. The report is a compilation of indicators designed to assess the sustainability of natural resource management. The interviews with the users revealed, however, that the indicators have not been particularly effective in informing the actors or in affecting their behaviour. Clearly, the informative value of the indicators has been overrated and the complexity of the information transfer has been underestimated. At least partly, the difficulties were due to the obscurity of the indicator-concept itself and consequently to their improper use. First, the statistics with the objective state-of-affairs information should be distinguished from the indicators that are always related to policy discussion. In addition, the technical and communicative use of the indicators should be distinguished from each other as they have different relationship between the information, policy values and the associated activities.     

Sustainable innovation in wastewater management: lessons for nutrient recovery and reuse

Urine diversion (UD) has great potential to contribute to sustainably managing wastewater by separating urine at the source and recovering nutrients for reuse in agriculture. While factors enabling the UD technology in Sweden are thought to involve policies supporting nutrient recovery/reuse, on closer inspection, the variable success of UD systems has revealed that critical factors for success also relate to human-centred issues of social organisation, participation and incorporation of social knowledges of a variety of stakeholders into the decision-making process in which new technologies are trialled and adopted. Through the analytical lens of strategic niche management, we consider how early experimentation in UD has involved user participation and whether internal processes of learning, networking and visioning have been consciously considered and to what effect. As niche experiments are enabled/disabled not only by informal institutions such as values and social norms but also formal regulatory institutions, we have concurrently analysed the broader environment in which policies and institutions influence, to varying degrees, the uptake of UD.     

基于个体脆弱性区域疏散最佳路径

针对危险化学品、生化制剂、放射性或核物质（ CBRN）事故情景,建立区域疏散路径优化模型。基于个体脆弱性模型,提出了适合求解模型算法,包括静态最优路径算法和动态最优路径算法。最后用随机路网测试算法的应用效果,结果表明,所提算法可以满足区域疏散路径双目标优化的需求,并能根据外部环境变化动态更新当前最优路径,是一种近似、快速的算法。区域疏散路径的确定可为CBRN事故救灾提供有力的技术支持。     

完善中国战略环境评价制度的若干思考

战略环境评价作为科学决策的重要组成部分,是有效实现经济、社会、环境效益最大化的必要手段,符合可持续发展理论,是贯彻落实科学发展观的制度体现。文章论述了中国战略环境评价制度的产生,并针对目前在战略环境评价制度认识上的不足,环境保护机构不能在宏观决策中发挥应有的作用,公众参与的有效性不足,战略环境评价制度设计中的缺陷等问题,从理论和实践上提出了相应解决方法,为中国战略环境评价制度研究提供了参考。     

生态足迹模型的修正及其应用研究进展

生态足迹模型作为度量区域可持续发展程度的方法已用于多领域多层次的评价,也被越来越多的学者研究、分析、修正和质疑。文章在阅读该领域重要文献和报告的基础上,对国内外学者提出的各类生态足迹修正模型进行梳理,并聚焦于生态足迹与其他测度指标的结合以及其在战略环境评价中的应用,对生态足迹模型作为环境评估工具的潜力及其未来的研究方向提出个人的看法。     

农业区域战略环境影响评价中生态风险评价指标体系研究

生态风险评价是近几年逐渐兴起并不断发展的一个研究领域。它的产生适应于20世纪80年代环境治理目标和环境治理观念的转变。生态风险评价是对生态系统或其组分受到的风险进行评价。目前的研究实例主要有重金属污染对水域及土壤生态系统的风险评价,生物技术带来的生态风险评价,城镇化生态风险评价等,但是很少见到对农业生态系统的生态风险评价。农业在其经济中具有举足轻重的地位,因此对其农田生态风险进行评价,具有非常重要的理论及现实意义。本论文对农业生态系统的特点进行了叙述,提出了农业生态系统的风险评价指标体系的总体思路,再通过系统分析,最终构建了适合农业生态系统的风险评价指标体系。     

丹江口水库水环境保护协调机制研究

针对丹江口库区及其上游水环境保护现状和存在问题,探索建立跨地区、多部门、多层次的丹江口水库水环境保护协调机制,逐步形成国家和地方、流域与区域、水利部门与非水利部门间的水资源保护协调机制,以及流域上、下游分工明确、统一协调的水源地及其上游水资源保护管理新格局,以推进跨地区、跨部门的水资源管理,促进南水北调水源地水资源的持续利用。     

煤矸石综合利用途径的有效性分析

煤矸石是我国排放是量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,弃之为害、用之为宝。本文主要论述了煤矸石的综合利用途径的有效性。